477 lines
16 KiB
HTML
477 lines
16 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh-CN">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Armbian Docker安装与优化指南 - 换源/镜像加速/常用容器 | ARM刷机指南</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Amlogic S9xxx设备Armbian系统Docker安装完整教程，包含国内源替换、Docker镜像加速、常用Docker容器部署、系统优化、青龙面板安装，基于S922X/OES实测。">
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<meta name="keywords" content="Armbian,Docker安装,换源,镜像加速,S922X,青龙面板,国内源">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/style.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<nav class="navbar">
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<div class="navbar-inner">
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<a href="index.html" class="logo">
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<div class="logo-icon">⚡</div>
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ARM刷机指南
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</a>
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<ul class="nav-links">
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<li><a href="index.html">首页</a></li>
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<li><a href="oes-flash.html">OES刷机</a></li>
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<li><a href="unbrick.html">救砖指南</a></li>
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<li><a href="systems.html">系统对比</a></li>
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<li><a href="armbian-docker.html" class="active">Armbian优化</a></li>
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<li><a href="about.html">关于</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</nav>
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<div class="container-narrow">
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<div class="tutorial-header">
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<h1>🐧 Armbian Docker安装与优化指南</h1>
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<div class="tutorial-meta">
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<span>⏱️ 预计时间：30-60分钟</span>
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<span class="difficulty medium">中等难度</span>
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<span>📝 更新于 2026-09</span>
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<span>✅ 实测验证</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="tutorial-content">
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<div class="alert alert-info">
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<strong>💡 教程说明</strong>
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本教程基于Amlogic S922X设备（OES/斐讯N1/玩客云等）+ Armbian 26.x 实测编写。Armbian是ARM设备上最流行的Linux发行版，刷好系统后第一件事就是换源和装Docker。
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</div>
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<h2>一、首次登录与基础设置</h2>
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<h3>1.1 首次登录</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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<span class="comment"># SSH连接（U盘启动时IP在路由器后台查看）</span>
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ssh root@设备IP
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<span class="comment"># 首次登录会要求设置root密码</span>
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<span class="comment"># 然后会要求创建普通用户，按Ctrl+C可跳过</span>
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</div>
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<h3>1.2 确认设备型号</h3>
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<p>刷机后不确定设备型号？用这个命令确认：</p>
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<div class="code-block">
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<span class="comment"># 查看设备树兼容信息</span>
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hexdump -C /proc/device-tree/compatible | head -n 5
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<span class="comment"># 输出示例：</span>
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<span class="comment"># ali,ct2000 → OES 1代，DTB选 meson-g12b-ali-ct2000.dtb</span>
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<span class="comment"># amlogic,s922x → S922X芯片</span>
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<span class="comment"># 查看CPU信息</span>
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cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" | head -1
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<span class="comment"># 查看内存</span>
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free -h
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<span class="comment"># 查看存储</span>
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lsblk
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</div>
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<h2>二、更换国内软件源（必做）</h2>
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<p>Armbian默认源在国外，国内访问很慢。换成国内源后速度提升10倍以上。</p>
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<h3>2.1 一键换源脚本</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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cat > /root/change_source.sh << 'EOF'
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#!/bin/bash
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echo "=== 开始更换Armbian国内源 ==="
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<span class="comment"># 备份原源</span>
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cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
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cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/armbian.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/armbian.list.bak
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<span class="comment"># Debian源替换为阿里云（Debian 12 bookworm）</span>
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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list << 'DEB'
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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
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DEB
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<span class="comment"># Armbian源替换为中科大</span>
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cat > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/armbian.list << 'ARM'
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deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/armbian/ bookworm main contrib non-free
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ARM
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echo "=== 源替换完成，开始更新 ==="
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apt update
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apt upgrade -y
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echo "=== 系统更新完成 ==="
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EOF
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chmod +x /root/change_source.sh
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/root/change_source.sh
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</div>
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<div class="alert alert-info">
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<strong>💡 其他可选源</strong>
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<ul style="margin:8px 0;">
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<li>Debian源：阿里云、清华TUNA、中科大USTC、163</li>
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<li>Armbian源：中科大USTC（镜像最全）、清华TUNA</li>
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<li>也可以用 <code>armbian-config</code> → Personal → Mirrors 图形化选择</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<h3>2.2 安装基础工具</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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apt install -y \
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curl wget htop vim nano \
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git net-tools dnsutils \
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unzip zip p7zip-full \
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apt-transport-https ca-certificates \
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gnupg lsb-release \
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python3 python3-pip
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</div>
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<h2>三、Docker安装</h2>
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<h3>3.1 官方脚本安装（推荐）</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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<span class="comment"># 下载安装脚本（用阿里云镜像加速）</span>
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curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
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sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun
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<span class="comment"># 启动Docker并设置开机自启</span>
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systemctl enable docker
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systemctl start docker
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<span class="comment"># 验证安装</span>
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docker --version
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docker run --rm hello-world
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</div>
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<h3>3.2 安装Docker Compose</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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<span class="comment"># 安装docker-compose插件</span>
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apt install -y docker-compose-plugin
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<span class="comment"># 验证</span>
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docker compose version
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</div>
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<h3>3.3 配置Docker国内镜像加速（必做）</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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mkdir -p /etc/docker
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cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << 'EOF'
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{
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"registry-mirrors": [
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"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
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"https://dockerproxy.com",
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"https://docker.1panel.live",
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"https://mirror.iscas.ac.cn"
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],
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"log-driver": "json-file",
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"log-opts": {
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"max-size": "10m",
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"max-file": "3"
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},
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"storage-driver": "overlay2"
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}
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EOF
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systemctl daemon-reload
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systemctl restart docker
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<span class="comment"># 验证镜像加速是否生效</span>
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docker info | grep -A 5 "Registry Mirrors"
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</div>
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<div class="alert alert-warning">
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<strong>⚠️ 注意</strong>
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国内Docker镜像源可能不定期失效。如果拉取镜像超时，尝试更换daemon.json中的镜像地址，或配置代理。
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</div>
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<h2>四、常用Docker容器一键部署</h2>
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<h3>4.1 Portainer（Docker可视化管理）</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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docker run -d \
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--name portainer \
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--restart=always \
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-p 9000:9000 \
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-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
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-v portainer_data:/data \
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portainer/portainer-ce:latest
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</div>
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<p>访问 <code>http://设备IP:9000</code>，首次访问设置管理员密码。</p>
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<h3>4.2 青龙面板（自动化脚本）</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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docker run -dit \
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--name qinglong \
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--restart=always \
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-p 5700:5700 \
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-v /opt/qinglong/data:/ql/data \
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whyour/qinglong:latest
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</div>
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<p>访问 <code>http://设备IP:5700</code>，默认账号admin，密码admin。青龙面板支持京东签到、各种自动化脚本。</p>
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<h3>4.3 qBittorrent（BT下载）</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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docker run -d \
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--name qbittorrent \
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--restart=always \
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-e PUID=0 -e PGID=0 \
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-e TZ=Asia/Shanghai \
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-e WEBUI_PORT=8085 \
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-p 8085:8085 \
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-p 6881:6881 -p 6881:6881/udp \
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-v /opt/qbittorrent/config:/config \
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-v /mnt/downloads:/downloads \
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lscr.io/linuxserver/qbittorrent:latest
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</div>
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<h3>4.4 Alist（网盘聚合）</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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docker run -d \
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--name alist \
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--restart=always \
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-v /etc/alist:/opt/alist/data \
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-p 5244:5244 \
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-e PUID=0 -e PGID=0 \
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-e UMASK=022 \
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xhofe/alist:latest
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</div>
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<p>支持挂载百度网盘、阿里云盘、115、OneDrive、Google Drive等数十种网盘。</p>
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<h3>4.5 AdGuard Home（广告过滤）</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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docker run -d \
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--name adguardhome \
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--restart=always \
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-v /opt/adguardhome/work:/opt/adguardhome/work \
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-v /opt/adguardhome/conf:/opt/adguardhome/conf \
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-p 3000:3000 -p 80:80 \
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-p 53:53/tcp -p 53:53/udp \
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adguard/adguardhome
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</div>
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<p>把路由器DNS设为设备IP，全家设备去广告。</p>
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<h3>4.6 Uptime Kuma（服务监控）</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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docker run -d \
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--name uptime-kuma \
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--restart=always \
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-p 3001:3001 \
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-v /opt/uptime-kuma:/app/data \
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louislam/uptime-kuma:1
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</div>
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<p>监控网站/服务在线状态，宕机自动通知（支持Telegram、企业微信、邮件等）。</p>
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<h2>五、docker-compose 部署示例</h2>
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<p>多个容器建议用docker-compose统一管理：</p>
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<div class="code-block">
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mkdir -p /opt/stacks/media-server
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cat > /opt/stacks/media-server/docker-compose.yml << 'EOF'
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version: "3.8"
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services:
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portainer:
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image: portainer/portainer-ce:latest
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container_name: portainer
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restart: always
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ports:
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- "9000:9000"
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volumes:
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- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
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- portainer_data:/data
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qbittorrent:
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image: lscr.io/linuxserver/qbittorrent:latest
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container_name: qbittorrent
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restart: always
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environment:
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- PUID=0
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- PGID=0
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- TZ=Asia/Shanghai
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- WEBUI_PORT=8085
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ports:
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- "8085:8085"
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- "6881:6881"
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- "6881:6881/udp"
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volumes:
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- /opt/qbittorrent/config:/config
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- /mnt/downloads:/downloads
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alist:
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image: xhofe/alist:latest
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container_name: alist
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restart: always
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ports:
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- "5244:5244"
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volumes:
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- /etc/alist:/opt/alist/data
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volumes:
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portainer_data:
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EOF
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<span class="comment"># 启动所有容器</span>
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cd /opt/stacks/media-server
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docker compose up -d
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<span class="comment"># 查看状态</span>
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docker compose ps
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<span class="comment"># 查看日志</span>
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docker compose logs -f
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</div>
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<h2>六、系统优化</h2>
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<h3>6.1 时区设置</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
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date
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</div>
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<h3>6.2 中文语言支持</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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apt install -y locales
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sed -i 's/# zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8/' /etc/locale.gen
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locale-gen
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update-locale LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
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</div>
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<h3>6.3 SWAP虚拟内存</h3>
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<p>2GB内存设备建议加2GB SWAP：</p>
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<div class="code-block">
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fallocate -l 2G /swapfile
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chmod 600 /swapfile
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mkswap /swapfile
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swapon /swapfile
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echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
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free -h
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</div>
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<h3>6.4 风扇控制（OES设备）</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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<span class="comment"># 查看温度</span>
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cat /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp
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<span class="comment"># 查看风扇状态</span>
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cat /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/pwm1
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<span class="comment"># 风扇全速（临时测试）</span>
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echo 255 > /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/pwm1
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<span class="comment"># 风扇停止（临时测试）</span>
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echo 0 > /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/pwm1
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</div>
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<h3>6.5 定时清理Docker</h3>
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<div class="code-block">
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<span class="comment"># 创建清理脚本</span>
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cat > /usr/local/bin/docker-clean << 'EOF'
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#!/bin/bash
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docker system prune -af --volumes
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docker image prune -af
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EOF
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chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-clean
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<span class="comment"># 每周日凌晨3点自动清理</span>
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(crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo "0 3 * * 0 /usr/local/bin/docker-clean") | crontab -
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</div>
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<h2>七、常见问题</h2>
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|
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<h3>Q1: apt update 报错或很慢？</h3>
|
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<p>A: 源没换成功。检查 <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> 和 <code>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armbian.list</code> 是否正确替换为国内源。注意Debian版本（bookworm/bullseye）要对应。</p>
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<h3>Q2: Docker拉取镜像超时？</h3>
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<p>A: 配置国内镜像加速（见3.3节）。如果所有镜像源都失效，可以配置HTTP代理：</p>
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<div class="code-block">
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mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
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cat > /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/proxy.conf << 'EOF'
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[Service]
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Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://代理IP:端口"
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Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://代理IP:端口"
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Environment="NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1"
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EOF
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systemctl daemon-reload
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systemctl restart docker
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</div>
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<h3>Q3: 容器启动后访问不了？</h3>
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<p>A: 检查：
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<ul>
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<li>端口映射是否正确（-p 参数）</li>
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<li>防火墙是否放行：<code>ufw status</code> 或 <code>iptables -L</code></li>
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<li>容器是否正常运行：<code>docker ps -a</code></li>
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<li>查看容器日志：<code>docker logs 容器名</code></li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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<h3>Q4: 磁盘空间不足？</h3>
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<p>A: Docker镜像和容器占用大量空间。执行 <code>docker system df</code> 查看占用，<code>docker system prune -a</code> 清理未使用的镜像。建议把Docker数据目录移到大硬盘：</p>
|
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<div class="code-block">
|
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<span class="comment"># 停止Docker</span>
|
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systemctl stop docker
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|
||
<span class="comment"># 迁移数据到/mnt/docker</span>
|
||
mv /var/lib/docker /mnt/docker
|
||
ln -s /mnt/docker /var/lib/docker
|
||
|
||
<span class="comment"># 重启</span>
|
||
systemctl start docker
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<h3>Q5: Armbian怎么升级内核？</h3>
|
||
<p>A: 用armbian自带工具：</p>
|
||
<div class="code-block">
|
||
<span class="comment"># 查看当前内核</span>
|
||
uname -r
|
||
|
||
<span class="comment"># 升级内核（需要联网）</span>
|
||
armbian-update
|
||
|
||
<span class="comment"># 或用ophub的内核更新脚本</span>
|
||
curl -fsSL https://github.com/ophub/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian/raw/main/build-armbian/scripts/update.sh | bash
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<h2>八、相关教程</h2>
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|
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<li><a href="systems.html">💿 系统选择对比</a></li>
|
||
<li><a href="tv-box-flash.html">📺 常见机顶盒刷机合集</a></li>
|
||
<li>🔧 Armbian网络配置与WireGuard组网（待补充）</li>
|
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|
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